Exergy-based modeling framework for hybrid and electric ground vehicles

Exergy, or availability, is a thermodynamic concept representing the useful work that can be extracted from system evolving given state to reference state. It also metric, formulated first and second law of thermodynamics, encompassing interactions between subsystems resulting entropy generation. In this paper, an exergy-based analysis for ground vehicles proposed. The study, authors' knowledge, defines comprehensive vehicle powertrain-level modeling framework quantify exergy transfer destruction phenomena vehicle's longitudinal dynamics its energy storage conversion devices (namely, electrochemical storage, electric motor, ICE). To show capabilities proposed model in quantifying, locating, ranking sources losses, two case studies based on parallel hybrid are analyzed considering real-world driving cycle. This serve as tool future development management strategies aimed at minimizing losses rather than fuel consumption.